Overview
The Luftwaffe returned to Chelsea late Tuesday night 10th September and early Wednesday morning 11th September.
There was a change in the pattern of attack. No longer swarming in during the day.
Though there were still single raiders daytime being chased by RAF Hurricane and Spitfire fighters.
On the Tuesday at around lunchtime, Jo Oakman heard planes diving and machine gunning in an aerial battle over Chelsea. She had the impression two Spitfires were chasing after a German plane but it was very dull and cloudy.
She had to strain her eyes in the limited visibility.
At this time the Chelsea Town Hall control room was getting used to a continual repetition of the sequence of alerts: white for standby, yellow for German planes on their way, then red for the wailing sirens announcing a raid underway and warning people to take cover, eventually followed by the single tone all clear siren. All of this could happen within the space of half an hour.
While there was understandable anger of people in Chelsea about being the victims of indiscriminate bombing of a residential and non military area, it was becoming apparent that the Lots Road Power Station seemed to be where the German airmen were concentrating the purpose of their raids.
And this area of Chelsea did in fact also have light industry and small factories which were now making parts for weapons and armaments.
Germany did have a sophisticated intelligence gathering infrastructure based on air reconnaissance.
Most WW2 historians record that Germany’s human espionage had been compromised during the war years but prior to the outbreak of war in 1939, German intelligence had been perfectly capable of mapping out the geography and industrial commerce of London and indeed afterwards.
Late Tuesday night and early Wednesday morning two high explosive bombs fell in the King’s Road. Jo Oakman recorded the time at around ten minutes to midnight.
There was a direct hit on number 523 King’s Road killing a grandmother and her 5 month old granddaughter. A ten year old boy also died.
Another detonated in the street rather than penetrating a building but it was only feet away from the entrance to a large public air raid shelter packed with nearly 90 people.
A long high wall of the St Mark’s and St John’s Teacher Training College, known as ‘MarJons’ was brought down.
As it struck the pavement in front of the shelter it blew in the entrance and part of the front wall.
87 people from the World’s End, including many women with babies in their arms were sheltering there and some were partially buried under the debris.
All the lights inside the shelter went out and fairly soon everyone could detect the smell of escaping gas.
This became a terrific example of A.R.P. training and services proving their worth. One serving Warden, George Williams, and a serving sailor back home on leave who had been a warden put on their torches and lighted a hurricane lamp just outside the emergency exit at the back.
Not everyone was screaming, and never let it be said people were not terrified, crying, screaming and sobbing with fear, and enough people were able to keep their heads and got most of the 87 people out.
George Williams, who was 31 years old, had just relieved the previous A.R.P Warden on duty in the basement shelter a little after midnight. He said: ‘I had not been there more than 20 minutes, and was giving some water to one of the shelterers, when the bomb fell. I was flung on to my back. I then noticed that there was a way out at the back … we managed to get the people out of the place. That was all there was to it.’
George was based at Chelsea’s West London A.R.P. Post in Lots Road.
The escaping coal gas ignited and there was a sheet of flame in front of the shelter. The force of the blast on the terrace of buildings facing the King’s Road had reduced it to a shambles.
There was a ten foot crater in the footway immediately against the entrance to the shelter and the gas main fire had taken hold of the floors over it.
One baby was lying on the floor with a beam just above it which kept the masonry and plaster off the child and miraculously, it was uninjured.
It was taken to the College across the King’s Road and handed back to its mother who had fled there with many of the other survivors as this was now being used as a major First Aid post and temporary hospital during the war.
The A.R.P. Wardens with the help of some of the men in the shelter uncovered more of the trapped people with their bare hands and got them out through the emergency exit.
Chelsea Mayor Lady Hartnell J.P. said many owe their lives to George Williams. Had it not been for his courage and presence of mind, many people could have suffocated or been trapped by fire.
He dug several people out of the debris while the upper part of the building was burning fiercely.
When they had feared mass casualties like at the Cadogan House disaster, in the end it became clear that only one woman had been killed by the explosion and six to seven had been stretcher cases for the London County Council ambulances.
George Williams had joined the Chelsea A.R.P. services in 1938 and his full time job was in general maintenance for Chelsea Borough Council housing estates.
He had a very close experience of being bombed out of his home in October 1940 when a high explosive demolished three houses in Ifield Road South Kensington.
The site of the three houses bombed in October 1940 in Ifield Road, South Kensington is now a playground.
Fortunately, he and his family- wife Mildred and two young children- had been in his garden Anderson shelter which he had put together for them at the beginning of the war. But they had lost all their furniture, personal belongings and effects.
He and his family moved to 108 Elm Park Gardens which was one of the Council’s public shelters for air raid victims and they were rehoused at 42 Fernshaw Road.
In January 1941 he was awarded an O.B.E. medal of the Civil Division in recognition for his rescue of everyone in the World’s End shelter.
Jo Oakman and the Post Don A.R.P. Wardens further east in the Chelsea Old Church area were finding the heavy scattering of incendiary bombs a handfull.
It began in the school yard of Cook’s Ground where the Wardens had their post in the reinforced ground floor of the main school building.
Four of them were struggling to put just one of them out as it burned into the bitumen asphalt surface.
The bomber unleashing its high explosive bombs over the World’s End came in low, and again what is not fully appreciated in WW2 Blitz narratives, fired its machine guns into the ground in the hope of hitting anyone.
This was waging terror war on civilians. Deliberate and nasty.
The Wardens scooted for cover. And then a terrible sound spread out in this area of Chelsea.
It was coming from the ground and not the sky.
The heart-rending screaching and screaming of horses burning to death.
Incendiaries had ignited at the stables in Petyt Place behind Petyt House.
The auxiliary fire-fighting crew were there wanting to get in but neither they nor the Wardens could enter the premises. The owner had not left the keys with the A.R.P.
Somebody went back to Post Don to get an axe while everyone tried to cover their ears to avoid the dreadful sound of the distress and suffering from the horses.
As wooden doors were smashed in, surviving horses bolted out into Cheyne Walk and up Old Church Street whinnying in pain and terror.
In the darkness one of them knocked over an emergency war constable running down from the King’s Road towards a sound described as the cry of blue murder.
All the horses were eventually caught though they were drenched in cold sweat and utterly traumatized by their ordeal.
As the Petyt Place stables fire was put out Jo and her Post Don A.R.P. Wardens team could see firefighters dealing with incendiary bomb blazes at the Morgan’s and Phillip Mills across the river and on Battersea Bridge.
Chelsea Borough Council quickly put out a plea for any offers of termporary accommodation to help the growing number of people left homeless through bomb damage.
Public halls were being kept open day and night.
Council and Home Defence leaders believed civil defence services had worked splendidly and after the many months of waiting civil defence personnel had not failed in the hour of need.
Some of the rescue parties, having completed their 24 hours’ shift, continued working throughout the following day. This was particularly the case in Bramerton Street.
An unexpected problem emerged through the realisation the Luftwaffe were deliberately dropping delayed action bombs and a significant proportion of bombs dropped failed to detonate because they had malfunctioned.
Bomb disposal squads from the Army’s Royal Engineers were now busy defusing, making safe and in some cases removing unexploded ordnance.
The velocity and power of fall of many bombs meant they could penetrate through road and earth fifty feet down into the ground.
On Tuesday night Jo Oakman slept at Post Don in the Cook’s Ground school.
When she turned up at the Town Hall in the King’s Road to do her day job in the Food Office, she found a nearby unexploded bomb meant they had to be evacuated and move temporarily to 46 Chelsea Park Gardens.
During the day there were alerts, sirens and occasional anti-aircraft fire and the sound and sight overhead of a huge dogfight involving around 50 odd planes.
On Wednesday night 11th September and the early hours of Thursday morning 12th September London’s anti-aircraft batteries were given the go-ahead to fill the night sky with their blasting.
Night fighters had been grounded. Chelsea’s A.A. battery units were in the gardens and Borough’s open grounds. They were also on the bridges.
And they were augmented by Royal Naval gunships. Jo Oakman actually thought a destroyer had sailed up river to create such a massive barrage of gunfire she wrote in her diary ‘one could not hear one’s self speak!’
This turned out to be one of the greatest morale boosters of the war. Military chiefs doubted if the A.A. gunfire would bring down any more bombers than night fighters.
But it meant that from 8.36 p.m. on Wednesday night until 5.06 a.m. on Thursday morning everyone in Chelsea could only hear the roar of British guns fighting back and not the sickening and stomach churning drone of German aircraft engines.
Hardly anyone except those very close could hear the two bombs which did fall on Chelsea that night in Tetcott Road and Edith Grove. There were no casualties.
Chelsea’s A.R.P. Wardens reported people in the public shelters singing and cheering at the sound of the barrage. People were seen rubbing their hands together and saying ‘Now we can get some sleep!’
And the barrage did keep the bombers way from Chelsea that night.
The concentration of fire from river A.A. installations attacked the route used by the Luftwaffe for navigation.
The real danger though was the A.A. shrapnel falling back and at least one A.A. shell exploded on a Chelsea road.
Consequently, the operation deliberately plotted the guns going silent from 5.06 to 5.36 a.m. before the all clear sirens rang out.
Half an hour was thought to be a safe period of time for all the anti aircraft shrapnel to fall back to the ground.
It would become a popular source of war material foraging by children.
No searchlights were used that night because there was a brilliant moon and the bursting shrapnel and flashing of guns generated the kind of light associated with the biggest of all possible fireworks displays.
Thursday 12th September was quiet.
The German bombers returned to Chelsea in the early hours of Friday morning 13th September.
In the midst of a heavy anti aircraft barage they were able to release three detonating high explosive bombs, and two bombs which did not go off.
It was 3.15 a.m. and one of them landed on the shelter for the residents of the new London County Council estate in Chelsea Manor Street and Flood Street- Chelsea Manor Buildings.
Eighty eight people were trapped, the water main burst, Six people died. Jo Oakman wrote that four of the fatalities had drowned, three were badly injured and eighty two saved.
There was good work by the rescue party.
The medical records show that the victims were killed by falling masonry, bomb blast and crushing.
One of the unexploded bombs fell in Gertrude Street by St Wilfred’s Convent which was fully evacuated. The bomb exploded and then they were all able to return to the Convent.
Many of the casualties from Chelsea Manor Buildings were treated at the First Aid Post where author and artist Frances Faviell worked as a VAD nurse.
They were soaked in water, covered in dirt, cuts and bruises and suffering from shock.
Under the supervision of Dr Graham Kerr, Frances and the other VADs wrapped them in blankets, and put their feet in hot water until they could be supplied with dry clothes.
Frances reported that many were grumbling that the public shelters were no good and they would have been safer staying in their flats.
Some of the survivors even said the German aeroplanes targetted them because the specially built public shelters could be seen from the air.
10th September 1940
Paultons Square trenches. Unexploded bomb. False report.
Sloane Square top of Lower Sloane Street. Incendiary bomb.
Sloane Street opposite Holy Trinity Church. Incendiary bomb.
Nell Gwynn House, Sloane Avenue. Incendiary bomb.
Rawlings Street. Incendiary bomb.
73 Pont Street. High explosive bomb.
519 to 529 King’s Road. High explosive bomb.
Civilian Casualties
Ronald Leslie Peters, 10 years old. Son of Alfred Leslie and Mary Peters, of 105 Lots Road. Died at 523 King’s Road.
57 year old Elizabeth Shepherd. Wife of Frederick Shepherd, of 32 Meek Street. Injured 10 September 1940, at King’s Road; died at St. Stephen’s Hospital.
Sandra Valerie Shepherd, 5 months old . Daughter of Frederick Charles and Winifred Shepherd, of 15A Ashburnham Road. Died at King’s Road.
58 year old Thomas Bradin of 523 King’s Road. Injured 10 September 1940, at 523 King’s Road; died at St. Stephen’s Hospital 20th September 1940.
104 Sloane Street. Incendiary bomb.
187 Pavilion Road. Incendiary bomb.
Connie Evans- Royal Hospital Chelsea Pensioner and WW2 anti-aircraft gunner on ‘Defending Britain From German Air Attacks | WW2: I Was There’
11th September 1940
Cheyne Walk and Danvers Street. Incendiary bomb.
Cheyne Row. Incendiary bomb.
Battersea Bridge. Incendiary bomb.
94 and 96 Cheyne Walk. Incendiary bomb.
Danvers Street and Petyt Place. Incendiary bomb.
Dartrey Road. (now World’s End Estate) Incendiary bomb.
King’s Road at St Mark’s and St John’s College. High explosive bomb.
45 year old Mary Ann Ferguson. Wife of William Robert Ferguson, of 19 Tetcott Road. Injured at King’s Road; died same day at St. Stephen’s Hospital.
King’s Road end Edith grove. Oil bomb.
King’s Road. Guinness Trust Buildings. Incendiary bomb.
Beaufort Street and Cheyne Walk. Unexploded anti-aircraft shell.
38 Blantyre Street. Unexploded incendiary bomb.
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Beaufort Mansions. Unexploded incendiary bomb.
Cheyne Walk at the Cremorne Arms. Unexploded incendiary bomb.
Milman’s Street. Casual Ward. Incendiary bomb.
5 to 7 and 11 to 13 Edith Terrace. Unexploded bomb.
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12th September 1940
Edith Grove 16a and b. High explosive bomb.
4 Tetcott Road. High explosive bomb
Casualty and Civilian Death
Frederick Andrew Hagger, 2 years old. Son of Doris May Hagger, of 96 Halford Road, and of Frederick George William Hagger. Injured at Buckler’s Alley, Fulham; died same day at St. Stephen’s Hospital. (He is also listed in the civilian war deaths maintained by Fulham Borough Council.)
13th September 1940
Chelsea Manor Street, post office. Oil bomb.
Location as it is now.
Chelsea Manor Street, Gaumont Cinema. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
Sydney Street, St Luke’s Churchyard. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
Cale Street and Guthrie Street. Unexploded bomb.
Location as it is now.
10 Ormonde Gate. Anti-aircraft shell.
Location as it is now.
Cheyne Court. Unexploded bomb.
Location as it is now.
Flood Street, Chelsea Manor Buildings. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
Civilian Casualties
63 year old Hilda Burden of 12 Chelsea Manor Buildings. Widow of A. N. Burden. Died at Chelsea Manor Street.
63 year old Kathleen Ray of 15 Chelsea Manor Buildings, Flood Street. Died at Chelsea Manor Buildings.
19 year old Kitty Ray of 15 Chelsea Manor Buildings, Flood Street. Daughter of Kathleen Ray. Died at Chelsea Manor Buildings.
68 year old Elizabeth Cecilia Peters of 39 Upcerne Road. Widow of S. Peters. Died at Chelsea Manor Buildings.
44 year old Kathleen Jane Cronin Wife of G. A. Cronin, of 80 Walton Street, Kensington. Died at Cheyne Court, Chelsea Manor Street.
44 year old Laura Shepherd Wife of Herbert Shepherd, of 15A Peabody Buildings, Manor Street. Injured at Peabody Buildings; died same day at St. Stephen’s Hospital.
Radnor Walk, Embankment. High explosive bomb. False report.
Redesdale Street. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
Elystan Street and Ixworth Place. Incendiary bomb.
Location as it is now.
Fulham Road, Thurloe Court. Incendiary bomb.
Location as it is now.
9 Jubilee Place. Unexploded bomb.
Location as it is now.
50/52 Lower Sloane Street. Incendiary bomb.
Location as it is now.
Burton’s Court Mansions. Incendiary bomb.
Location as it is now.
Shawfield Street. Incendiary bomb.
Location as it is now.
Royal Hospital. Incendiary bomb.
Location as it is now.
Sloane Square. Incendiary bomb.
Location as it is now.
Sloane Terrace Mansions. Incendiary bomb.
Location as it is now.
14th September 1940
10 Sloane Gardens. Incendiary bomb.
Location as it is now.
Junction of Sloane Street and Pont Street. Incendiary bomb.
Location as it is now.
37 Chesham Street at the Lowndes Arms. Incendiary bomb.
Location as it is now.
Junction of Sydney Street and Cale Street. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
Sydney Street at St Luke’s Church. Oil bomb.
Location as it is now.
34 Lower Sloane Street. Incendiary bomb.
Location as it is now.
Holbein Place. Incendiary bomb.
Location as it is now.
Duke of York’s Headquarters. Incendiary bomb.
Location as it is now.
Junction of Lawrence Street and Justice Walk. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
1 Stadium Street. Oil bomb.
Location as it is now.
Beaufort Street at More’s Gardens. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
19 The Vale. High explosive bomb. Damage and casualties.
Location as it is now.
5 to 7 Upper Cheyne Row and Holy Redeemer Church. High explosive bombs.
Location as it is now.
Civilian Casualties
Margaret Helen Joyce Fisher, 44 years old, Chelsea A.R.P. (in 1939), daughter of a high court judge, of 88 Oakley Street. Died at Carlyle Laundry, Cheyne Road. Left an estate of £211.
Margaret Patricia Makin, 30 years old, a comptometer operator (key-driven mechanical calculator) of 2 Key House, Glebe Place. Daughter of Thomas J. and Nellie Makin, of 5 Brocco Bank, Sheffield. Died at Carlyle Laundry, Upper Cheyne Row.
Martha Page, 55 years old, a Shelter Marshall; of 15 Lawrence Street. Widow of C. Page. Died at Carlyle Laundry, Upper Cheyne Row.
Minnie Wilson, 44 years old, of Mulberry House, The Vale. A parlourmaid employed by Captain Cecil Harcourt at Mulberry House, The Vale. Daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Wilson, of 52 Parkfield Avenue, Northampton. Died at Carlyle Laundry, Upper Cheyne Row.
Adolphus Birkenruth, 84 years old, of 23 Cheyne Row. Died at 23 Cheyne Row.
40 year old Minnie Keating Wife of T. G. Keating, of 9 Bramerton Street. Injured at the Church of the Holy Redeemer, Cheyne Row; died same day at St. Stephen’s Hospital.
29 year old Muriel Mary Howell. (née Muriel Mary Simpson) A fashion artist and designer, wife of Leslie Frank Howell, a police officer with the City of London Police of 3 Key House, Glebe Place. Died at Cheyne Row. They had married only weeks earlier.
38 year old Eleanor Foxall Driver in the London Ambulance Service; of 4 Key House, Cheyne Row. Daughter of Benjamin and Eleanor Foxall, of The Leys, Oaksway, Gayton, Heswall, Cheshire. Died at Cheyne Row.
Three residents of Key House 39/40 Glebe Place died in the bombing of the crypt shelter at the Church of the Holy Redeemer.
Location as it is now.
Pacha Randell, 72 years old, widowed and retired caretaker of 14 Lawrence Street. Died at Cheyne Row.
Edward Constans, 65 years old, A.R.P. Warden, of 53 Edith Grove. Husband of Mary Alicia Victoria (Cissie) Constans. Injured 14 September 1940, at the Church of the Holy Redeemer, Cheyne Row; died at St. Stephen’s Hospital.
Mary Alicia Victoria (known as Cissie) Constans, 70 years old, of 53 Edith Grove. Wife of Edward Constans. Died at the Church of the Holy Redeemer, Cheyne Row.
46 year old Albert George Thorpe, A.R.P. Warden of 31 Smith Street. Son of the late Joseph and Harriet Thorpe. Died at the Church of the Holy Redeemer, Cheyne Row.
Alice Walkley, 73 years old, a needle-worker of 27 Cheyne Row. Injured in Crypt of the Church of the Holy Redeemer, Cheyne Row; died same day at Hospital for Consumption and Diseases of the Chest.
52 year old Mabel Edith Price-Jones An interior decorator of 5 Upper Cheyne Row. Wife of Edgar Price-Jones. Died at 5 Upper Cheyne Row. Mabel Edith Price-Jones is believed to have been the author of the illustrated volume of poems titled ‘Chelsea Charm’ under the nom-de-plume Peter Garrell. When researching this bombing incident it upset me to learn that the bodies of both Mabel and her daughter Eileen were completely destroyed in the explosion which killed them.
When I discovered that Mabel had been responsible for the delight and dignity of all the poetry going into the Chelsea Charm publication of 1931, this made me all the more determined that the memory of her and her daughter is given much more prominence and commemoration. The cover and first poem of her beautiful book below is just the beginning of this endeavour.
Eileen Price-Jones, 24 years old, a secretary of 5 Upper Cheyne Row. Daughter of Edgar Price-Jones, and of Mabel Edith Price-Jones. Died at 5 Upper Cheyne Row.
Dr. Randolph Lea Grosvenor, 73 years old, M.A., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., King Albert’s Medal with Bar; Medical Practitioner of 75 Oakley Street. Son of the late Dr. George Fox Grosvenor and Eliza Frances Grosvenor. Died at 5 Upper Cheyne Row.
Edward Moberley Grosvenor, 66 years old, a retired shipping freight manager of 75 Oakley Street. Son of the late Dr. George Fox Grosvenor and Eliza Frances Grosvenor. Died at 5 Upper Cheyne Row. The death of these two brothers would lead to a major legal precedent on probate about whose will is valid and takes precedence when two siblings die at the same time.
70 year old Elizabeth Sarah Parke of 75 Oakley Street. Daughter of the late J. Parke. Died at 5 Upper Cheyne Row.
Mary Alice Buchanan, 62 years old, of 15E Peabody Buildings, Lawrence Street. Daughter of George and Mary Reid, of Dublin, Irish Republic; widow of Robert Buchanan. Died at Upper Cheyne Row.
Robert George Buchanan, 31 years old, welder of 15E Peabody Buildings, Lawrence Street. Son of Mary Alice, and of the late Robert Buchanan. Died at Upper Cheyne Row.
Julie Veronica Manners, 39 years old, Wife of Hubert John Victor Manners, of 9 Cheyne Row. Died at the Royal Cancer Hospital.
Mary Ellen Sherbourne, 60 years old, a housekeeper of 22 Cheyne Row. Died at Carlyle Laundry, Cheyne Row.
Burton’s Court. Unexploded bomb.
Location as it is now.
Old Chelsea and Fulham railway station. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
Image of a train pulling into the station in 1933.
59 Oakley Gardens. Unexploded bomb.
Location as it is now.
12 to 14 Chelsea Park Gardens. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
Chelsea Polytechnic in Manresa Road. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
Oakley Street at the King’s Road end. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
Carlyle Square. Inside. Incendiary bomb.
Location as it is now.
Alan Dart Surviving the Blitz in London and Brighton | WW2: I Was There
Cadogan Avenue at the Royal Engineers dump. High explosive bomb.
Chelsea Manor Buildings.
Location as it is now.
4 to 6 Lacland Place. High explosive bomb. (location now replaced by Lacland House, World’s End)
Location as it is now.
470 King’s Road, rear of Lamont Road. Oil bomb.
Location as it is now.
Sutton Dwellings in Cale Street. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
King’s Road at Hoopers Yard. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
Lots Road at the Reliance Rubber Company. Oil bomb.
Location as it is now.
52 Paultons Square. Unexploded bomb.
Location as it is now.
Movietone’s voiced report on the beginning of the London Blitz September 1940
73 King’s Road. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
48 Royal Avenue. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
Peabody Buildings in Chelsea Manor Street. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
9 Mulberry Walk. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
Apollo Place at Macnamara House. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
100 Cheyne Walk. Unexploded oil bomb.
Location as it is now.
1 to 8 Beaufort Mansions. Unexploded oil bomb.
Location as it is now.
Junction of Limerston Street and Lamont Road. Unexploded oil bomb.
Location as it is now.
345 King’s Road. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
350 King’s Road at the Carlyle Garage. High explosive bomb.
Location as it is now.
25 Milmans Street. Oil bomb.
Location as it is now.
401 King’s Road at the junction of Riley Street. High explosive bomb.
British Pathé news report on ‘What To Do In An Air Raid’ 1940
Special thanks to Karen White and Chris Pain whose families lived in Chelsea during World War Two, and Malachy John McCauley, also brought up in Chelsea, who have very kindly encouraged and assisted my research. Special thanks to Marja Giejgo for editorial assistance. Research and archive facilities from Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea Council library services, The Imperial War Museum and National Archives at Kew.
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